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Dictionary of pastellists before 1800

ICONOGRAPHICAL GENEALOGIES

 

These tables may be used to identity specific subjects as well as to establish the interrelationships which can play an important role in the process of commissioning and patronage. Families such as those of Bentinck, Lennox or La Live demonstrate a fascination with portraiture well beyond others of similar social standing, while some families were loyal to a "house" artist. The intention of these iconographical cross-sections is to provide a rapid overview of connections which can readily be followed up without being obscured by the detail which necessarily is found in the standard genealogical works. Accordingly references to these sources are normally omitted (other non-standard sources are cited). Disputes are resolved arbitrarily and silently, and solecisms remain where clarity requires. Many family members are omitted for simplicity, while others of interest to art history are retained despite minor genealogical or political significance. Chivalric awards are given more prominence than offices or achievements, simply because they are more likely to be included in portraits, and their inclusion or omission can provide valuable clues about the identification and dating of portraits.

While necessarily selective, the principal royal (or ruling) families of Europe are included as well as certain prominent non-royal families. The families selected normally include subjects who have been portrayed in pastel, but some other families are included where the genealogy has been helpful in tracing provenances or explaining connections. The royal tables are also intended as a supplement to the Index of sitters, to facilitate the identification of individuals referred to either by Christian names or other honorifics (indicated in small capitals) in a necessarily arbitrary manner. In contrast to the order in the Dictionary, non-royal peers are indexed under family name rather than by title. The search facility may be used where the family name is not known. As far as possible names, titles and offices have been given in the sitters' native language but exceptions are made for sitters mainly known from French portraits, where French is used. The unfortunate linguistic clashes are less important than the needs of users from different countries.

Successive generations are indicated by arrows ⇒ at the start of each line, with siblings separated by nephews etc.; lines of space denote unrelated families or branches where relationships are either unknown or too complicated to set out in detail (roman numerals, indicating degrees of nobility, help in tracking generations in different branches). Marriage is indicated by ∞; successive marriages are given by 1° , 2° etc. (M ∞ 1° W refers to the man's first marriage, while M 1° ∞ W refers to the wife's first husband); spouses of spouses are included in [ ]. Cross-references, indicated by q.v. (but not hyperlinked in the interests of file sizes), should be pursued for full details of spouses. Illegitimate unions are denoted ∝ and the offspring are in grey type. Marriages which ended by separation or divorce are indicated by a range of dates, e.g. 1750-60. Some dates have been derived from ages, and may accordingly be wrong by one year. Old style dates are given in modern form.

Artists of known pastels are included in braces, e.g. {Vivien}; for a full discussion of attribution and idenitification, reference must be made to the main articles in the Dictionary. A selection of additional portraits (which have not been systematically inventoried) in other media are included as landmarks, and are similarly referenced: {Rigaud} for paintings, {Cochin} for drawings, {Drevet} for engravings; {Dumont} for miniatures, and {Houdon} for sculpture (artists working in different media are not duplicated). Details of these works will normally be found readily in catalogues raisonnés for these artists.

This part of the site is under development. It will inevitably remain incomplete.

 

Royal families - alphabetical list

Non-royal families - alphabetical list

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Alternative lists by country

 

Royal families

Anhalt

Ansbach, Brandenburg, Bayreuth

Baden

Bayern

Braunschweig

Danmark

England

España

France

Fürstenberg

Hesse

Hohenlohe

Köln

Liechtenstein

Lothringen

Mainz

Malta

Mantua

Mecklenburg

Modena

Monaco

Nassau

Nederlanden

Nemours

Österreich

Pfalz

Polska

Portugal

Preussen

Reuss

Russia

Sachsen

Savoia

Schleswig-Holstein

Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt

Solms-Laubach

Stolberg-Gedern

Sverige

Thurn und Taxis

Trier

Turkey

Toscana

United States of America

Vaticano

Venezia

Waldeck und Pyrmont

Württemberg

Nonroyal families

A

Abarca

Abercromby

Adhémar

Affry

Agard

Aguesseau

Albergotti

Albert de Luynes

Alègre

Aligre

Alloys

Algarotti

Alsace de Hénin Liétard

Álvarez de Toledo

Amelot

Amherst

Andrault

André

Angerstein

Angosse

Anson

Anthing

Apchier

Apchon

Apraksin

Après

Aragona

Arce

Arco

Arenberg

Arfwedson

Arjuzon

Armytage

Arnauld d'Andilly

Arnauld de Bouex

Ashley-Cooper

Assas

Aston

Astruc

Aubigné

Aubourg

Aubry

Audibert

Augeard

Aumale

Aumont

Auxy

Aymon de Franquières

B

Bach

Bacon

Baguenault

Balguerie

Bankes

Banks

Barbarigo

Barberie

Barentin

Bariatinsky

Barral

Barry

Barrenechea

Barrême

Barrett-Lennard

Barville

Baschi

Bastard

Bateman

Bathurst

Baudard

Bauffremont

Baylens

Bazán

Bazin

Beatson

Beauclerk

Beauharnais

Beaujeu

Beaujon

Beaumanoir

Beaumont

Beaupoil

Beauvau

Beauvillier

Bec-de-Lièvre

Beckford

Bégon

Belsunce

Benavides

Bennet

Bentinck

Bérenger

Beresford

Bergeret

Berghes

Beringhen

Berkeley

Bernage

Bernard

Bernin

Berthelot

Bertie

Bertin

Bertinazzi

Berton

Besenval

Bessuéjouls

Béthune

Bezborodko

Béziade

Bicker

Bielke

Bignon

Bigot de Villandry

Bingham

Biron von Kurland

Blackett

Blondel

Bocquet

Boisgelin

Boissier

Bombarde

Bonde

Bonardi

Bonelle

Bonnabel

Bonnet

Bonneval

Bonnières de Guines

Bontemps

Bonzi

Boreel

Boscawen

Boué

Bouer

Bouette

Boufflers

Bouillet

Boula

Boulainvilliers

Boullongne

Bourbon-Busset

Bourdet

Bourdon

Bourgeois de Boynes

Bourlet

Bournonville

Bouton

Bouverie

Boy de La Tour

Boyd

Boyer de Fonscolombe

Boyer de Crémilles

Boyle

Boze

Brancas

Branicki

Bréhan

Bremond

Brichanteau

Briqueville

Brodrick

Broglie

Brongniart

Broman

Brownlow

Bruce

Brühl

Brûlart

Brydges

Buffereau

Buisson

Bulkeley

Bullion

Bunbury

Bureau

De Burgh

Burzynski

Butler

Byng

Byres

C

Cadet

Cadier

Cadogan

Caetani

Caillebot

Calkoen

Calonne

Calvière

Cambis

Campbell

Cannac

Cantelmo

Capel

Cardevac

Caritat

Carmichael

Carpenter

Carriera

Carteret

Casamajor

Cassagnet

Castanier

Castellane

Cathcart

Caulfield

Caumont

Cavendish

Caze

Cazenove

Cecil

Chabaille

Chabannes

Chabot

Chaloner

Chambers

Chamillart de La Suze

Chanaleilles

Chapeaurouge

Chapt de Rastignac

Charpentier d'Ennery

Charteris

Chassaing

Chastellux

Chastenet de Puységur

Châtillon

Chaumont

Chauvelin

Chavagnac

Chernyshev

Chénier

Chevert

Chevignard

Chigi

Child

Choderlos de Laclos

Choiseul

Cholmondeley

Chuppin

Churchill

Chute

Claparède

Claret

Clements

Clermont Gallerande

Clermont-Tonnerre

Cléron

Clifford

Clifton

Clinton

Clive

Cobenzl

Coeffier

Coëtlogon

Coke

Colbert

Colonna

Colyear

Compton

Conflans

Conolly

Constant

Contades

Conyngham

Cooke

Corbeau

Cornwallis

Corrégeolles

Cosnac

Cossé Brissac

Coudreau

Courcillon

Courtarvel

Courtenay

Coutances

Coutts

Couture

Coventry

Cowper

Coypel

Cramer

Creighton

Crespigny

Crewe

Crommelin

Crousaz

Croÿ

Crozat

Crussol d'Uzès

Cuffe

Cuisy

Curzon

Cust

Czapski

Czartoryski

D

Dalrymple

Damas

Damer

Dangé

Danton

Darcy

Darlus

Dashwood

Daubenton

Daudé d'Alzon

Dauger

Davers

Dawkins

Dawson

De Crespigny

Delaage

Delaval

Delessert

Del Giudice

Delmé

Demidov

Denon

Dering

Desfriches

Desmares

Desmarest

Desmarets

Desmé du Buisson

Devin

Dézallier

Diderot

Dietrich

Dietrichstein

Digby

Dillon

Dimsdale

Dincourt

Dodun

Doublet

Douglas

Downing

Dreux de Brézé

Drouais

Drummond

Du blé

Du Boisbaudry

Dubois du Bais

Dubois de Crancé

Dubois de La Touche

Du Bouchet

Du Cambout

Du Châtelet

Du Bouexic

Du Coëtlosquet

Du Court de La Bruyère

Ducreux

Duguey

Du Lau

Du Maine

Dumas

Du Motier

Dundas

Dupin

Duplaa

Dupleix

Du Pont de Nemours

Dupré

Du Puget de Barbantane

Durand

Durey

Durfort

Dutillieu

Du Troussay

Duval

E

Egerton

Egmond

Ekeblad

Eliot

Eliott

Ephrussi

Ermolov

Erskine

Escoubleau

Esparbès

Estaing

Esterhazy

Esterno

Estienne d'Augny

Estrées

Estampes

Eyre

F

Fabre de Montvaillant

Fagel

Fane

Favart

Faventines

Fay de La Tour-Maubourg

Fawkener

Félix

Fermor

Ferrand

Ferriol

Fetherstonehaugh

Feydeau

Filleul

Finch

Firmian

Fitzgerald

Fitzherbert

Fitzpatrick

Fitzroy

Fitzwilliam

Flahaut

Flemming

Fleuriau

Foix

Fontaine de Cramayel

Forbin

Foresta

Fortescue

Forton

Fossart de Rozeville

Fougeret

Foulon

Fouquet

Fox

Frankland

Franklin

Franquetot

Frederick

French

Fries

Froulay

G

Gabrielli

Gage

Gaillard

Galitzin

Galléan

Ganay

Gand

Gardiner

Garnier

Gascoigne

Gassion

Gastebois

Gaucourt

Gautier de Vinfrais

Geelvinck

De Geer

Gélas de Voisins

Gentil

Geoffrin

Gideon

Giffard

Gigault

Gilbert de Voisins

Girardot

Glover

Godolphin

Goësbriand

Goethe

Golovkin

Gontaut-Biron

Gonzaga

Gooch

Goodricke

Gordon

Gounon

Gore

Gorsse

Gosse

Gouel de Villebrune

Goujon

Goupil

Gourgue

Goyon de Matignon

Goyon de Vaudurand

Graham

Gramont

Gravier de Vergennes

Gray

Gregory

Grenville

Greville

Grey

Grill

Grimod

Grimston

Gualterio

Guignard de Saint-Priest

Guérin

Guibert

Guillot

Guiscard

Gulston

Gumley

Gunning

Guzmán

H

Hall

Hallé

Hamilton

Hanbury

d'Harcourt

Harcourt

Hardenberg

Hardy du Plessis

Harenc

Harley

Harpur

Harris

Hasselaer

Hastings

Hautefort

Hay

Hazon

Heathcote

Hébert du Buc

Heere

Heiden

Helvétius

Henley

Hennequin

Hérault

Herbert

Héron de Villefosse

Hervey

Hibbert

Hildyard

Hill

His

Hoare

Hobart

Hocquart

Hogguer

Holles

Holstein

Holyoke

Home

Hood

Hope

Höpken

Hosten

Hostun

Houchin

Houdon

Howard

Howe

Hue de Miromesnil

Hugessen

Hulse

Hume

Hurtrelle

Hyde

I

Irwin

J

Jablonowski

Jackson

Jacquier de Rosée

Jarente

Jaucourt

Jefferyes

Johnston

Joly

Journu

Joyeuse

Jullienne

K

Kaunitz

Keck

Keppel

Ker

Kerr

Kettler

Keyserlingk

Kinsky

Knatchbull

Kretschmar

Kurakin

L

La Baume

Laborde

La Chapelle de Jumilhac

Lacroix

La Croix de Castries

La Cueva

La Fare

La Font

De La Gardie

La Grange

Laleu

La Live

Lallement

La Luzerne

La Marck

Lamb

Lamberg

Lambert

Lameth

Lamoignon

La Mothe-Houdancourt

Langlade du Chayla

Langston

Languet

Lannion

Lanskoi

Lante della Rovere

Larcher

La Rivière

La Roche-Aymon

La Roche Fontenilles

La Rochefoucauld

Lascelles

La Touche

La Tour d'Auvergne

La Tour du Pin

La Trémoïlle

Laurent

La Vergne

La Vieuville

Lavoisier

Law

Le Bas

Le Blond

Le Bret

Le Camus

Le Clerc

Le Couteulx

Lee

Leeson

Le Febvre

Le Fèvre de Caumartin

Le Fèvre d'Ormesson

Legard

Le Gendre d'Armény

Le Gendre de Lormoy

Legendre de Villemorien

Legge

Le Gonidec

Le Grix de La Salle

Le Hardy

Le Hayer du Perron

Le Maire

Le Marinier

Lemoine

Le Monnier

Lemoyne

Lennox

Le Noir

Le Normand

Lenormant

Le Pelletier

Le Paute

L'Épée

Le Prêtre de Vauban

Lesseps

Lestevenon

Le Tellier

Lethieullier

Le Tonnelier

Leusse

Leveson-Gower

Lévesque

Levett

Lévis

Lewis

Lézurier

L'Hôpital

Ligne

Ligonier

Linley

Lion

Liotard

Livingston

Lock

Loftus

Lombe

Loménie de Brienne

Longueval

Lordat

Loring

Lorne

Löwendal

Löwis, v. Lewis

Lubomirski

Lucy

Lumley

Luttrell

Lyttelton

Lyon

M

Machault

Mackenzie

Madaillan

Maffei

Maignen

Mailly

Malet de Graville

Malvin

Mandel

Mann

Manners

Manneville

Manrique de Lara

Mansergh

Marbeuf

Marcassus

Marchal

Marchin

Mareschal

Marescot

Mariette

Marneffe

Marquet

Martin

Mastrilli de San Gallo

Maude

Maupeou

Maurès de Malartic

Maussion

Mavrocordato

Mazade

Mazarini-Mancini

Meade

Medley

Mégret

Menezes

Mercy-Argenteau

Meredith

Merode

Meschin

Mesgrigny

Mesmes

Mestral

Metcalfe

Methuen

Metternich

Meulan

Michel de Grilleau

Michel de Roissy

Miller

Milly

Mirleau

Miron

Mniszech

Mniszek

Mocenigo

Molé

Molesworth

Molin

Molinari

Molyneux

Monck

Monckton

Moñino

Monson

Montagu

Montagu de Bouzols

Montague

Montaigu

Montalembert

Montbéron

Montboissier

Montesquiou

Montgomery

Monti

Montléart

Montmorency

Montmorin

Montsaulnin

Montcalm

Montullé

Moore

Morant

Mordaunt

Morgan

Moreau de Séchelles

Morice

Mornay

Morosini

Murray

N

Nairac

Narbonne-Lara

Nassau-Zuylestein

Nays de Candau

Van Neck

Necker

Nettine

Neville

Neufville de Villeroy

Newton

Nicolaÿ

Nisbet

Noailles

Noel

North

Nugent

Nunez

O

O'Brien

Ochs

Odescalchi

Ogier

Ogilvy

Ogle

Onslow

Orléans-Rothelin

Orlov

Orry

Orsini

Orsini-Rosenberg

Osborne

Osmond

Osorio

Ossolinski

Ossun

Outremont

P

Pacheco

Pálffy

Pancras

Panin

Papillon

Pardaillan de Gondrin d'Antin

Pardieu

Pâris

Parseval

Patrizi

Paulze

Pelham

Pellegrini

Pentenrieder

Perceval

Percy

Perregaux

Perrin de Noailly

Pérusse

Peyrenc

Peyssonel

Phélypeaux

Phillips

Phipps

Pictet

Pierre de Bernis

Pierrepont

Pignatelli

Pimental

Pinchinat

Pineau

Pineau de Viennay

Pinelli

Pinon

Pinson

Pirelli

Pitt

Plantamour

Plessen

Ploos van Amstel

Poisson

Polastron

Polignac

Pommyer

Pons

Ponsonby

Portocarrero

Postlethwayt

Potemkin

Potier

Potocki

Poulett

Poyntz

Praroman

Prie

Primrose

Proby

Prondre

Protasov

Puchot

Pujos

Pye

Q

Quatrebarbes

Quélen

Quinault

R

Racine

Raczynski

Radziwill

Rákóczi

Randon

Raoult de Labadie

Razumovsky

Rawdon

Reede Athlone

Régnier

Rémond

Rendorp

Repnin

Reynolds

Rezzonico

Rhodes

Rice

Riedesel

Rigaud de Vaudreuil

Riggio

Rilliet

Riquet

Riqueti de Mirabeau

Rivière

Robais

Robartes

Robert de Lignerac

Robinson

Rochechouart

Roda

Rodney

Rohan

Rolle

Romance de Mesmon

Romanet

Roquelaure

Rosen

Rosset de Rocozel

Rossignol

Rothschild

Rottembourg

Rougemont

Rougeot

Rouillé

Rousseau

Roussel de Courcy

Rousselet

Rouvroy

Rouxel

Roy

Ruggles

Rumiantsev

Rushout

Russell

Ryves

S

Sabran

Sack

Sackville

Sacquin

Sade

Sagredo

Saint-Chamans

Sainte-Hermine

Saint-Georges

Saint-Maurice

Saladin

Sanseverino

Salignac

Sanguin de Livry

Sanlot

Sanvitale

Sapieha

Sartine

Sartori

Sassenage

Saulces de Freycinet

Saulx de Tavannes

Saussure

Sauvan d'Aramon

Savalette

Sauvé

Sayn-Wittgenstein

Schaw

Scheffer

Schuylenburg

Schuyt

Schomberg

Scott

Scotti

Secousse

Séguier

Ségur

Sellon

Senneterre

Sentaury

Séroux

Seurrat

Seymour-Conway

Seytres

Sforza

Sheepshanks

Sheremetev

Shirley

Shuvalov

Sidney

Silhouette

Silva

Silvestre

Simiane

Simonet de Coulmiers

Sinzendorf

Siry de Couches

Skavronsky

Soderini

Soldini

Somerset

Sorin de Bonne

Southwell

Sozzi

Sparre

Spencer

Spinola

Stanhope

Stanley

Staples

Starhemberg

Stewart

St John

Straalman

Strangways

Stroganov

Stuart

Suarez

Suffren

Sutton

Swieten

Swinburne

Sydenham

Sykes

T

Taitbout

Talaru

Talbot

Talleyrand

Talon

Tarlo

Tassin

Tatton

Tavernier

Téllez-Girón

Temple

Terrat

Terray

Terrier

Tessin

Testu

Texier

Thellusson

Thiard

Thibault de La Carte

Thiébault

Thierry

Thiroux

Thomas

Thornton

Thouars

Throckmorton

Thun

Thynne

Tollemache

Topham

Torcy

Tott

Toulonjon

Tourolle

Towneley

Townshend

Trevelyan

Tronchin

Trudaine

Tubières de Grimoard

Tucker

Tufton

Turgot

Turner

Turnour

Van Tuyll van Serooskerken

Tyrell

U

Ulfeldt

Upton

Usher

Usson de Bonnac

V

Vaini

Valade

Valenti Gonzaga

Vallancey

Vallière

Valory

Valvasone

Van Loo

Vansittart

Vassal

Vassan

Verney

Vernon

Veronese

Verthamon

Verzuso-Beretti-Landi

Vesey

Vigée

Vignerot du Plessis de Richelieu

Villars

Villeneuve

Villers-la-Faye

Vimeur de Rochambeau

Vincent

Vintimille du Luc

Vipart

Virieu

Visconti

Visme

Vogüé

Voiriot

Volkonsky

Voltaire

Vorontsov

Voyer d'Argenson

Voysin

W

Van der Waeyen

De Wailly

Waldegrave

Waldstein

Walpole

Warin

Watson-Wentworth

Wedderburn

Wellesley

Wentworth

West

Wharton

Wigley

Wilbraham

Wilkes

Williams-Wynn

Willoughby

Willis

Wills

Windisch-Graetz

Windsor

Winn

Wodehouse

Woodyeare

Worsley

Woyna

Wright

Wyndham

Wynne

Y

Yelverton

Yonge

Yorke

Yusupov

Z

Zamoyski

Zinzendorf

Alternative lists by country

Austria and the Holy Roman Empire

Britain

Denmark

France

German states

Ireland

Italian states

Malta

The Netherlands

Poland

Portugal

Russia

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland